Carbohydrate counting as a meal planning approach increased in popularity for intensively managed individuals with type 1 diabetes after the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. We now know that this approach offers benefits for a variety of population groups and is applicable to both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. When used with blood glucose monitoring information, it places people with diabetes in charge of food decisions and offers flexibility while focusing on glycemic control. It also incorporates the empowerment philosophy so important in today's approach to diabetes self-management education. Here, we offer six practical articles with case studies illustrating the application of carbohydrate counting in different populations and settings.